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What (who) is mat foundation - definition
![The mats made from ''[[Cyperus pangorei]]'' (Korai grass in Tamil) are called "Korai paai" in Tamil and can be found widely in the households of Tamil Nadu, usually in the size 6 feet by 3 feet.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dry grass mat, also called "Korai paai" and found widely in Tamil Nadu.JPG?width=200 "The mats made from ''[[Cyperus pangorei]]'' (Korai grass in Tamil) are called \"Korai paai\" in Tamil and can be found widely in the households of Tamil Nadu, usually in the size 6 feet by 3 feet.")
![Flat mat with a painting of a [[Paris]] street](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paillasson Paris.jpg?width=200 "Flat mat with a painting of a [[Paris]] street")
Wikipedia
Floating raft is a land-based building foundation that protects it against settlement and liquefaction of soft soil from seismic activity. It was a necessary innovation in the development of tall buildings in the wet soil of Chicago in the 19th century, when it was developed by John Wellborn Root who came up with the idea of interlacing the concrete slab with steel beams. The earliest precursor to the modern version may be the concrete rafts developed for the building of Millbank Prison in 1815 by Robert Smirke.
For a floating raft foundation – or simply "floating foundation" – the foundation has a volume such that, if that volume filled with soil, it would be equal in weight to the total weight of the structure.
When the soil is so soft that not even friction piles will support the building load, these types of foundation are the final option and makes the building behave like a boat: obeying Archimedes' principle, buoyed up by the weight of the earth displaced in creating the foundation.
